Gambling (or betting) is any
behavior involving the risk of money or valuables on the outcome of a
game, contest or other event in which the outcome of that activity is
partially or totally dependent upon chance.
Though for many it is a form of recreation, gambling, like any
behavior which involves variation in brain chemistry, can become a
psychologically addictive and harmful behavior in some people.
Reinforcement phenomena may also make gamblers persist in gambling
even though they are losing. Because of the negative connotations of the
word, casinos and race tracks often use the euphemism "gaming" to
describe the recreational gambling activities they offer.
Gambling may also refer to engaging in any high-risk behavior in which
decisions are made based upon incomplete knowledge. (For example,
high-risk stock investments, difficult and potentially costly ventures,
or even personal relationships.)
Gambling games are believed to predate recorded history, with
gambling games recorded in virtually all of the ancient civilizations.
Gambling is strictly prohibited in Islamic nations.
Because of the generally negative religious view as well as various
perceived social costs, gambling is subject to some form of censure on
most legal jurisdictions. In particular, in many (most?) cases, wagers
are not recognized in law as contracts and any consequent losses are
debts of honor, unenforceable by legal process. Thus the enforcement of
large gambling debts is often taken over by organized crime, using
violent methods. Because contracts of insurance have many features in
common with wagers, legislation generally makes a distinction, typically
that any agreement in which either one of the parties has an interest in
the outcome bet upon, beyond the specific financial terms, is a contract
of insurance. Thus a bet on whether one's house will burn down is a
contract of insurance as there is an independent interest in the
security of one's home.
Furthermore, gambling is either banned or heavily controlled (licensed)
in many jurisdictions. Such regulation generally leads to gambling
tourism and illegal gambling. The latter is often controlled through
organized crime. Such involvement frequently brings the activity under
even more severe moral censure and leads to calls for greater
regulation. Conversely, the close involvement in governments (through
regulation and gambling taxation) has led to a close connection
between many governments and gambling organizations, where legal
gambling provides much government revenue.
From
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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